Understanding the distinction between “compostable” and “biodegradable” is not just about terminology—it’s the foundation for making responsible choices as a consumer. Only with this knowledge can we avoid common misconceptions and make decisions that genuinely reduce plastic pollution and benefit our planet.
Contents
The word “biodegradable” is widely misunderstood. Simply put, a biodegradable material is one that can break down naturally with the help of microorganisms—bacteria, fungi, or enzymes—over time.
However, the catch is in the timeframe and conditions. Some plastics labeled “biodegradable” may take decades to break down and only do so under industrial conditions—not in your backyard or landfill.
A compostable plastic bag is designed to break down into natural elements such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass within 90 to 180 days in a composting environment. The key difference from traditional plastics is that compostable bags leave no toxic residue behind after decomposition.
To be considered truly compostable, a bag must meet specific internationally recognized standards. These include ASTM D6400 (used in the U.S.), EN 13432 (used in the EU), and certifications like OK Compost Home or Industrial, which verify compostability under different conditions.
As an added benefit, most compostable bags are made from renewable, plant-based materials like cornstarch or PLA (polylactic acid), rather than petroleum-based plastics. This makes them a more sustainable choice from production to disposal.
| FEATURE | BIODEGRADABLE | COMPOSTABLE |
|---|---|---|
| Breakdown Time | Variable (can take years) | 90–180 days |
| End Result | May leave microplastics | Breaks down into non-toxic material |
| Required Conditions | Natural or industrial | Requires composting environment |
| Material Origin | Synthetic or natural | Usually plant-based |
| Certification Standards | Often vague or missing | ASTM D6400, EN 13432, etc. |
Understanding the Difference
The terms “biodegradable” and “compostable” are often used interchangeably, but they represent very different environmental impacts. Biodegradable materials can break down over time through natural processes, but this process can take years and often leaves behind microplastics or toxic residue. Compostable bags, on the other hand, are specifically designed to decompose within 90 to 180 days in the right composting conditions—leaving behind only water, CO₂, and nutrient-rich organic matter.
Why Certifications Matter
One of the biggest distinctions lies in certification. Compostable bags are held to clear, verifiable standards like ASTM D6400 or EN 13432, which ensure safe, complete breakdown without pollution. Biodegradable claims, however, are loosely regulated and often lack proof. If sustainability is your goal, choosing compostable products with proper certifications is a far more reliable and eco-conscious decision
What to Look for When Buying Eco-Friendly Bags
Choose bags made from renewable, plant-based materials like cornstarch, PLA (polylactic acid), or PBAT blends. Avoid bags made from conventional petroleum-based plastics even if labeled “biodegradable,” as they often don’t break down properly.
Look for trusted certifications that guarantee compostability or biodegradability, such as ASTM D6400, EN 13432, OK Compost HOME/INDUSTRIAL, or BPI Certified. These certifications ensure the bag breaks down fully within a specific timeframe under defined conditions without leaving harmful residues.
Consider what you’ll be using the bag for—lightweight groceries, heavy produce, or kitchen waste? Bags vary in thickness, tear resistance, and durability. Make sure the bag matches your usage to avoid breakage and waste.
Know where you will dispose of the bags: at home or industrial composting facilities? Home compostable bags break down at lower temperatures and less controlled conditions, whereas industrial compostable bags require specialized facilities.
Compostable bags can degrade if stored improperly. Check the shelf life on the package and store them in cool, dry places away from humidity and direct sunlight to maintain their integrity before use.
Some bags have a smaller carbon footprint or use recycled materials in production. Research the brand’s sustainability practices to support companies prioritizing the environment throughout the product lifecycle.
Higher-quality compostable bags often cost more but are more reliable in breaking down properly and maintaining strength during use. Avoid overly cheap options that may compromise on certifications or material quality.
Choose brands that openly share certification details, manufacturing processes, and environmental commitments. Transparency is a good indicator of genuine eco-friendly claims versus greenwashing.
Some eco-friendly bags are designed for multiple uses before disposal. If you want to reduce waste further, consider bags that balance compostability with durability for reuse.
Understanding the distinction between “compostable” and “biodegradable” is not just about terminology—it’s the foundation for making responsible choices as a consumer. Only with this knowledge can we avoid common misconceptions and make decisions that genuinely reduce plastic pollution and benefit our planet.
Contents
The word “biodegradable” is widely misunderstood. Simply put, a biodegradable material is one that can break down naturally with the help of microorganisms—bacteria, fungi, or enzymes—over time.
However, the catch is in the timeframe and conditions. Some plastics labeled “biodegradable” may take decades to break down and only do so under industrial conditions—not in your backyard or landfill.
A compostable plastic bag is designed to break down into natural elements such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass within 90 to 180 days in a composting environment. The key difference from traditional plastics is that compostable bags leave no toxic residue behind after decomposition.
To be considered truly compostable, a bag must meet specific internationally recognized standards. These include ASTM D6400 (used in the U.S.), EN 13432 (used in the EU), and certifications like OK Compost Home or Industrial, which verify compostability under different conditions.
As an added benefit, most compostable bags are made from renewable, plant-based materials like cornstarch or PLA (polylactic acid), rather than petroleum-based plastics. This makes them a more sustainable choice from production to disposal.
| FEATURE | BIODEGRADABLE | COMPOSTABLE |
|---|---|---|
| Breakdown Time | Variable (can take years) | 90–180 days |
| End Result | May leave microplastics | Breaks down into non-toxic material |
| Required Conditions | Natural or industrial | Requires composting environment |
| Material Origin | Synthetic or natural | Usually plant-based |
| Certification Standards | Often vague or missing | ASTM D6400, EN 13432, etc. |
Understanding the Difference
The terms “biodegradable” and “compostable” are often used interchangeably, but they represent very different environmental impacts. Biodegradable materials can break down over time through natural processes, but this process can take years and often leaves behind microplastics or toxic residue. Compostable bags, on the other hand, are specifically designed to decompose within 90 to 180 days in the right composting conditions—leaving behind only water, CO₂, and nutrient-rich organic matter.
Why Certifications Matter
One of the biggest distinctions lies in certification. Compostable bags are held to clear, verifiable standards like ASTM D6400 or EN 13432, which ensure safe, complete breakdown without pollution. Biodegradable claims, however, are loosely regulated and often lack proof. If sustainability is your goal, choosing compostable products with proper certifications is a far more reliable and eco-conscious decision
What to Look for When Buying Eco-Friendly Bags
Choose bags made from renewable, plant-based materials like cornstarch, PLA (polylactic acid), or PBAT blends. Avoid bags made from conventional petroleum-based plastics even if labeled “biodegradable,” as they often don’t break down properly.
Look for trusted certifications that guarantee compostability or biodegradability, such as ASTM D6400, EN 13432, OK Compost HOME/INDUSTRIAL, or BPI Certified. These certifications ensure the bag breaks down fully within a specific timeframe under defined conditions without leaving harmful residues.
Consider what you’ll be using the bag for—lightweight groceries, heavy produce, or kitchen waste? Bags vary in thickness, tear resistance, and durability. Make sure the bag matches your usage to avoid breakage and waste.
Know where you will dispose of the bags: at home or industrial composting facilities? Home compostable bags break down at lower temperatures and less controlled conditions, whereas industrial compostable bags require specialized facilities.
Compostable bags can degrade if stored improperly. Check the shelf life on the package and store them in cool, dry places away from humidity and direct sunlight to maintain their integrity before use.
Some bags have a smaller carbon footprint or use recycled materials in production. Research the brand’s sustainability practices to support companies prioritizing the environment throughout the product lifecycle.
Higher-quality compostable bags often cost more but are more reliable in breaking down properly and maintaining strength during use. Avoid overly cheap options that may compromise on certifications or material quality.
Choose brands that openly share certification details, manufacturing processes, and environmental commitments. Transparency is a good indicator of genuine eco-friendly claims versus greenwashing.
Some eco-friendly bags are designed for multiple uses before disposal. If you want to reduce waste further, consider bags that balance compostability with durability for reuse.
